• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention consists of a rolling hammer (1) for cutting blocks in multi-component stone sheets by injecting a compressed fluid, which comprises a linear actuator (11) that generates an impact on a horizontally oriented nose pad (14) and attached to a flat blade (15) by a lower surface. When said rolling hammer hits, an incision of the blade (15) is generated in the stone block, as the blade moves with respect to two lateral guides (16), so that the blade (15) is inserted into the incision of the cut generated and the hammer releases a stream of high pressure fluid that flakes the stone ore block. The invention also comprises a blade (15) specially designed for use in rolling hammers, a rolling machine comprising the rolling hammer (1) and the stone mineral block cutting method. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2800924A1
    申请号:ES201930586
    申请日:2019-06-25
    公开日:2021-01-05
    发明作者:Carrera José Carlos Fernandez
    申请人:Sist Y Automatismos Industriales S L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] LAMINATING MACHINE
    [0003] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION AND SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    [0005] The present invention refers to a vertical laminating or leaf removal machine for cutting stone blocks, the configuration and design of which give it high robustness, efficiency and a reduction in maintenance costs.
    [0007] The invention is comprised within the sector of various industrial techniques related to the work of stone or stone-like materials, and more specifically in devices adapted to work with materials that can be easily cracked, such as slate.
    [0009] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0011] The present invention is aimed at work operations such as cutting in materials of mineral origin such as stone, especially in blocks of multicomponent stone materials, which comprise a layered structure such as slate. These layers are known as planes of weakness so the breakdown of the mineral along these planes is called exfoliation.
    [0013] In some blocks of materials, the exfoliation can be seen as a series of parallel lines that mark flat surfaces when viewed from a cross-sectional view.
    [0015] The method used manually to cut into sheets of stone blocks, such as slate mineral, from the layers of exfoliation is based on the introduction of a blade or wedge in the natural exfoliation vein of the stone and on the application of a blow that achieves the separation or exfoliation of the stone sheets.
    [0017] This method has been automated with the aim of obtaining machines capable of carrying out the entire procedure consisting of picking up a slate block from the processing line and perform the exfoliation work required by the process in a simple, reduced and fast way, so that the final product achieves a good finish, wasting as little stone material as possible.
    [0019] Some of these cutting machines are configured to roll a block of stone material by making a small fissure or incision over the exfoliation lines or layers of weakness that the stone block presents, and then injecting, through that fissure, a fluid at sufficient pressure for the crack to propagate over the entire surface of the block. This fluid can be air or liquid, depending on the characteristics of the material to be cut and the machine used.
    [0021] These machines usually comprise a complex displacement system with position sensors, as well as mechanisms for preparing the stone blocks, to be subjected to a cut in a suitable position and orientation by means of an impact of a rolling hammer, which normally comprises a blade, which is the one that impacts with the surface of the block generating the indentation.
    [0023] These blades are usually serrated to concentrate the force of the impact, and are actuated by different devices such as impact or vibration cylinders, so that, when the impact is generated, the cutting edge of the blade penetrates a small depth into the stone block, generating an incision, and subsequently a compressed fluid is injected through it to extend the fissure generated by the blade.
    [0025] An operation of this type, carried out in a repetitive way, produces great wear on the elements that make up the hammer, especially on the blade, despite being made of steels with high impact resistance, which requires the replacement of a frequent way.
    [0027] This wear varies according to the hardness of the stone, the cadence of the machine or the characteristics of the hammer, one of the main disadvantages being the replacement time of the elements included in the rolling hammer, especially the blade, influencing the cutting machine production.
    [0028] In these machines, when it is necessary to change the blade in the laminating hammer, a complex process must be followed that comprises several stages such as removing any of the covers of the hammer through which the blade is extracted, removing the tail of Kite or wedge that clamps the blade into the knife holder, being necessary to also extract the complete knife holder depending on the case, and it may also be necessary to even extract the hammer from the machine itself, carrying out the previous steps in reverse to replace it with a new one.
    [0030] Due to the precision required by the machine, the elements included in it consist of entirely machined parts with very specific settings for proper operation, which causes very long replacement times for the blade.
    [0032] In addition, another problem that current hammers have is that, if the stone is too hard or has parts that are harder than the blade itself, when it makes the impact on the block, the effort is transmitted to the blade holder and other elements that are found in contact with it, such as impact actuators, so that they can be damaged, which causes a significant economic expense by having to replace parts, in principle not replaceable.
    [0034] A problem generated by the use of the knife holder is that not all the force supplied by the impact or vibration actuator reaches the blade, since part of that force is absorbed by the knife holder itself, the impact actuator having to generate a load higher than necessary.
    [0036] In addition to these problems of substitution of the elements that are part of the rolling hammer, another of the common problems consists of obtaining the adequate distribution of the fluid at high pressure to generate the cut in sheets of the stone block, being usual that part of the fluid is lose in unwanted directions and do not go to the cut of the stone, or that it is not distributed in an adequate way, generating irregular cuts on the stone block.
    [0038] The aim of the present invention is to obtain a machine capable of quickly and automatically performing the cutting or laminating procedure, as well as the replacement of the parts susceptible to damage, in a way simple, allowing to treat the different stones according to their specific characteristics.
    [0040] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0042] Based on the background described, the present invention solves the indicated drawbacks of the state of the art, offering a new rolling machine that comprises a new rolling hammer, preferably oriented in a vertical position, configured for cutting blocks of stone material, making use of a new blade, so that the configuration and design of said elements provide an increase in robustness, efficiency as well as a reduction in maintenance costs.
    [0044] The stone block is considered to be a large fragment of a mineral substance, more or less hard and compact, in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
    [0046] Specifically, the invention consists of a rolling hammer for cutting multicomponent stone blocks by means of an impact of a blade and by injecting a compressed fluid, preferably compressed air, where said stone blocks can comprise a structure based on layers, such as it can be the structure of a material such as blackboard.
    [0048] This rolling hammer comprises a linear impact actuator, which can be a pneumatic, hydraulic or electric cylinder, or a vibration cylinder, which comprises a rod, configured to move in a longitudinal direction of said linear actuator and to impact on a chisel. In a preferred configuration, said linear actuator as well as the stem are in a vertical position.
    [0050] In addition to the linear actuator, the hammer also comprises the chisel, cylindrical in shape, oriented in the same longitudinal direction as the stem, being configured to receive an impact from the stem and to transmit said impact to a hammer.
    [0052] Said nose pad is also comprised in the rolling hammer, it has a bar shape, being prismatic and rectangular in one embodiment. The nose piece is oriented perpendicular to the chisel and is longitudinally connected to a rectangular flat blade by a lower surface of said nose piece and by an upper edge of said blade. That is to say, the blade, which is also included in the hammer, and the nose piece, are connected along and in parallel.
    [0054] The laminating hammer also comprises two bar-shaped lateral guides, being in one embodiment, like the dolly, prismatic and rectangular in shape, each located on each longitudinal side of the blade, comprising a clearance between each lateral guide and said knife.
    [0056] The blade comprises a cutting edge on a lower edge and is oriented in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shank. In this way, the nose piece is configured to receive the impact of the chisel and to move in the same direction as the longitudinal movement of the shank, thereby moving the blade. Furthermore, the blade is configured to slide with respect to the lateral guides thanks to the clearance present between them so that the edge of said blade is also configured to impact on the surface of the stone block generating an incision on the surface of the stone block. .
    [0058] That is, the impact of the linear actuator is transmitted to the chisel, from the chisel to the nose and from the nose to the flat blade, which is the one that impacts on a block of stone material, moving with respect to the lateral guides that remain immobile.
    [0060] As the rolling hammer is configured in this way, in the event that the blade exerts a great impact on the stone block and that due to the reaction action of the block on the hammer, it can be damaged when the block has a great hardness, it is The chisel is the one that is damaged before the reaction affects the linear actuator, said chisel functioning as a fuse for the rolling hammer.
    [0062] That is to say, that the chisel, due to the position and the properties of the material it has, causes it to deform or break before the linear actuator does. In this way, the first element to be damaged is the chisel, its replacement being simpler and cheaper than the complete replacement of the linear actuator or its component elements.
    [0063] In one embodiment, the rolling hammer comprises a casing that includes inside the nose, the blade and the lateral guides, so that said casing has a rectangular prismatic shape and is oriented in the same direction as said nose, that is, perpendicular. to the linear actuator. This casing is connected to the linear actuator and comprises at least one inlet for the fluid under pressure and a longitudinal slot for the outlet of the blade and fluid under pressure, through which the compressed fluid is injected onto the block of stone to be cut.
    [0065] In one embodiment, said housing comprises:
    [0066] - a flat, rectangular upper cover, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stem, comprising a central through hole in the center and the one or more pressure fluid inlet ports located in a fluid inlet hole;
    [0067] - two side walls, parallel to the blade, joined each side wall perpendicular to the upper cover and rigidly connected, each of said side walls, by means of first joining means, to a side guide, where each of these walls The sides comprise at least one groove through an interior space of the casing;
    [0068] - two lateral closures, parallel and attached perpendicular to the top cover and to the side walls; Y
    [0069] - a lower cover parallel to the upper cover, attached perpendicularly to the side closures and to the side walls, where said lower cover comprises the slot that has the same length as the blade.
    [0071] The joints between the top cover, the side walls, the side seals, and the bottom cover of the housing are hermetic. In fact, these covers and walls or closures can comprise rubber gaskets on an internal side of the casing to facilitate sealing and prevent compression fluid from escaping between the grooves of the joints.
    [0073] On the outer side of the casing, the lower cover can comprise another rubber seal with a groove, of equal size and arranged centrally with the groove of the lower cover, so that said seal damps possible contacts between the rolling hammer with the stone block when they are made in the impacts, and that these do not affect the parts of the carcass.
    [0074] In this embodiment, the chisel is configured to slide longitudinally through the central hole of the flat top cap, impacting the nose piece, moving it in the same direction through the housing, when it receives the impact of the linear actuator. Thus, said central hole and the chisel comprise the same circular section.
    [0076] Since the chisel is configured to slide and impact the nose piece, sliding it through the interior of the housing, and the nose piece is connected to the blade, the blade is configured to slide through the slot in the bottom cap and impact a block. of stone, the blade sharing the same longitudinal displacement as the chisel and the hammer, protruding the lower edge of the blade, which comprises the edge, through the groove of the lower cover, enough to generate an incision on said block of stone .
    [0078] In this embodiment, the at least one pressure fluid inlet is configured to introduce fluid at a pressure between 1 and 25 bar into the housing, so that the grooves are configured to guide said fluid through the interior of the housing. the housing and release it through the slot in the bottom cover. To this end, said slot comprises recesses configured to channel and release the pressurized fluid that is introduced into the housing at a pressure between 1 and 25 bar.
    [0080] In one embodiment, the recesses are circular holes of the same orientation as the groove in the bottom cap, but with a diameter slightly greater than the thickness of the groove, thereby generating semi-circular shapes of fluid pressure outlet when the blade is in position. sticking out of the slot. Furthermore, these recesses are distributed longitudinally and equidistant from each other by an axis of symmetry of the groove.
    [0082] In this way, the rolling hammer works in such a way that, once the linear actuator has generated an impact on the chisel, and this on the nose, which transmits it to the blade, an incision is generated on a block of stone. In this situation, the hammer is configured so that the blade is inserted in the incision generated and the rolling hammer releases a sufficiently high pressure fluid stream, depending on the material to be cut, which cracks and completely separates the stone block. .
    [0083] In one embodiment, the nose piece, the side guides and the internal recess of the casing where said nose piece is located with the blade and the side guides, have a rectangular prismatic shape so that the side guides are rigidly attached and parallel to the lower cover. , in addition to the side walls.
    [0085] In this embodiment, the nose piece is located inside the casing, between the upper cover and the side guides, so that the internal recess of the housing comprises a transverse clearance with the nose piece, allowing said nose piece to move longitudinally through the inside the casing.
    [0087] In one embodiment, the rolling hammer comprises at least one compression spring that is located between the nose and the upper cover of the casing, and is configured to exert a separation tension between said nose and the upper cover. This spring allows that, by pressing the edge of the blade from the outside of the housing towards the inside, the blade moves towards the inside of said housing so that the blade barely protrudes through the groove, but when the blade is not being pressed, the blade protrudes as far as possible through the slot, allowing the edge of said blade to be positioned with respect to the possible layers of exfoliation that the stone block may have, with greater ease and precision. That is, the spring allows the blade to be retractable from the housing.
    [0089] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the casing comprises two symmetrically positioned springs, these being the ones that push the nose pad and consequently the blade, so that the blade remains within the incision made in the fissure block and to be able to inject the flowed through it.
    [0091] In this way, keeping the blade inside the block allows it to be possible to inject the fluid in a suitable position, facilitating the rolling of the more complicated stone blocks.
    [0093] In one embodiment, the at least one compression spring is coupled to the fluid inlet port of the top cap. In this way, when the fluid enters the housing, it passes through the spring and runs through the grooves of the side walls, subsequently penetrating into two lower recesses included in the lower cover to distribute it evenly through the slot.
    [0094] In one embodiment, the housing comprises two semi-shafts arranged symmetrically with respect to the housing, rigidly connected through the center of the side walls, each semi-shaft being on an outer side of the housing and at least two lugs rigidly connected on the upper cover, by the exterior of the casing, where said semi-shafts and lugs are configured to connect to a conveyor carriage configured to move the rolling hammer longitudinally and transversely.
    [0096] In one embodiment, the housing is rigidly connected to the linear actuator by means of an impact flange, where said impact flange consists of a hollow metal frame with a circular internal section, said section configured so that the stem slides inside said impact flange and impact concentrically with the chisel. In other words, the impact flange is located between the linear actuator and the housing and allows the chisel to be kept centered with respect to the stem of the linear actuator to avoid possible off-centering between both parts.
    [0098] In this embodiment, the impact flange is attached to the linear actuator by a second attachment means and is attached to the housing by a third attachment means.
    [0100] In one embodiment, the casing comprises a container support located outside the top cap and connected to the impact flange by third attachment means. This container support allows a rigid and centered connection between the casing and the impact flange and, in addition, since the chisel has a cylindrical shape, it allows it to be located through the interior of the central hole of the upper cover and an internal recess of the support container, preventing the chisel from being removed from the hammer housing.
    [0102] In one embodiment, the linear actuator is configured to store fluid at a higher preload and to discharge the stored fluid at a given pressure into a lower chamber instantaneously, displacing the stem with a thrust force between 0.5 and 7 tons. , preferably between 4 and 5 tons. The choice of the thrust force is determined by the necessary tension to be applied by the blade on the stone block.
    [0103] In one embodiment, the pressure fluid inlet port has a diameter between 0.5 and 2 inches, preferably 1 inch, comprising a standardized measure for this type of fluid connection devices, and is connected to a solenoid valve that regulates the flow rate of the fluid.
    [0105] In one embodiment, the nose piece is made of stamping hardened steel and the chisel is made of steel, these materials comprising high structural strength, necessary to withstand the stresses to which they are subjected.
    [0107] In one embodiment, the first connecting means comprise at least one screw threaded to a hole in the side guide, and the second and third connecting means comprise at least one screw and one nut each. In a preferred embodiment, the first joining means comprise at least 8 screws each, so that the joint is secure and well distributed.
    [0109] In the embodiment where the linear actuator is oriented vertically, the cutting edge of the blade is oriented horizontally. In this way, the block of stone to be cut must be placed in such a position that the surface in contact with the hammer is horizontal, and in the event that the block comprises stratification layers, they must be in a vertical position. . In this way the cutting of the block is facilitated thanks to the effect of gravity on the cut parts of the block.
    [0111] In one embodiment, the blade is embedded in a longitudinal cavity of the dolly so that the joint between both parts consists of a fit between them.
    [0113] In one embodiment, the rolling hammer comprises two bolts threaded to nuts configured to connect the blade to the housing. Said bolts frontally go through the side walls, the side guides and said blade, so that to remove the blade from the casing it is only necessary to remove said bolts and pull the blade outward, without the need to completely remove the hammer. To mount a blade on the hammer, the procedure would be to insert the blade through the slot in the bottom cap and thread the bolts to the nuts.
    [0115] In other words, with this fixing system complex grip systems are avoided with the consequent problems of manufacturing costs, such as replacement in case of breakage or the long periods of time used to perform an operation as routine as the replacement of a blade.
    [0117] In a preferred embodiment, the bolts are M12x90 allen screws, due to their ease of assembly and disassembly from different positions.
    [0119] The invention also comprises a flat blade to be used in a preferential way in rolling hammers, as described above. Said blade has a rectangular shape and comprises at least two through oblong openings, oriented in a transverse direction to the blade, configured to be traversed by a body of a bolt each one of them.
    [0121] The oblong openings allow the blade to move only longitudinally with respect to the casing, but maintaining the junction between said blade and casing. In other words, the vertical movement of the blade is limited by the length of the oblong openings it presents.
    [0123] The blade also comprises a cutting edge on a lower edge where said cutting edge comprises teeth distributed longitudinally and equidistant between them, comprising separating grooves located between each tooth.
    [0125] The teeth have a flat rectangular shape, all of them having the same size and spacing, which allows an adequate distribution of the impact of the blade on the stone block, concentrating the impact stress in reduced areas.
    [0127] In one embodiment, the separating grooves have an orientation perpendicular to the edge of the blade edge and comprise two different extensions, where said grooves are arranged alternately along the blade edge, depending on the extent they comprise. .
    [0129] The groove distribution is the same as the circular recesses of the groove in the bottom cover of the rolling hammer housing, so that each notch in the blade coincides with each circular recess in the groove. In this way, when the blade is passing through the slot and embedded in an incision made in the block, and the hammer is injecting the fluid at high pressure to crack the block, the presence and geometry of the blade grooves in the same position as the recesses, facilitates the channeling of the fluid in a direction perpendicular to the lower casing cover.
    [0131] In one embodiment, the edge of the blade can be flat, concave or convex, as well as single or double depending on the characteristics of the block of stone to be cut.
    [0133] The cutting edge of the teeth has a thickness between 0.2 and 0.8 mm while the blade has a thickness between 2 and 4 mm.
    [0135] The reason for these measurements is that the narrowest thickness required for a material such as slate is between 3.8 and 4 mm, so that a thickness greater than that of the blade would imply injecting fluid into adjacent exfoliation layers.
    [0137] The teeth have a length between 10 and 20 mm. The distribution is due to the minimum distance necessary for the teeth to have a reasonable consistency and not to immediately deform or damage when they impact against the stone block.
    [0139] Preferably, the length of the teeth is 15 mm, with the exception of the two teeth at the ends, because the different lengths of the blade, depending on the dimensions of the slate blocks, have a different length to compensate if the total length is not a multiple of 15 mm.
    [0141] In one embodiment, the blade is made of F-143 steel, being a steel that presents a very fine grain and a good resilience and resistant to wear, due to the addition of Vanadium to the steel.
    [0143] This material in which the blade is built as well as the heat treatments to which it is subjected, allows it to resist the impact of the linear actuator transmitted to the stone block. In addition, with this material a certain flexibility is achieved since its elastic limit is quite high, so that it withstands the impact of the rod, and at the same time presents a reasonable wear to abrasion against the stone.
    [0144] For its manufacture, the blade is laser cut, tempered, annealed, the teeth are sharpened and it is rectified using chip removal processes.
    [0146] The invention also comprises the laminating machine comprising a laminating hammer as described above.
    [0148] This laminating machine comprises a transport system configured to move, dragging or sliding, a stone block, preferably a stone block comprising layers of exfoliation or weakness such as slate, through an interior of the laminating machine, so that said system The transport system comprises at least one sensor configured to measure the size of the stone block, which makes it possible to determine the cutting process. In a preferred embodiment, the stone block transport system can comprise rollers or translation chains, with suitable transport means for this type of elements as heavy as stone blocks.
    [0150] The rolling machine also comprises a positioner, configured to position the block of stone transported by the transport system, centering it with respect to a turner, correcting possible deviations that it may suffer during transport.
    [0152] The turner comprises a lifting table configured to orient a regrouper with respect to the stone block, the regrouper being jaws configured to clamp said block, and a traction system configured to rotate the regrouper with the stone block attached.
    [0154] Once the stone block is clamped and rotated, a conveyor carriage included in the machine is configured to move and position the rolling hammer, to which it is attached, relative to the stone block, to place it in different impact positions.
    [0156] In one embodiment, the conveyor carriage comprises a lateral clamp configured to laterally clamp and seal the stone block, actuated by at least one lateral clamp cylinder.
    [0157] In the event that the laminating machine is cutting slate blocks or materials with layers of weakness or exfoliation, the sides of the block that seals the tightening of the laminating hammer are those where the exfoliation lines are visible.
    [0159] This lateral tightening allows that the injection fluid for cutting the blocks is not lost through the sides of the block, directing it to the bottom of the block, making a clean crack over the entire surface.
    [0161] In one embodiment, the lateral clamp comprises flow divider valves configured to re-center the stone block and seal it upon receiving an impact by the rolling hammer and / or an injection of pressurized fluid.
    [0163] The conveyor carriage also comprises at least one lowering cylinder configured to longitudinally move the rolling hammer on a surface of the block, and a sensor configured to measure the thickness of the stone block that allows determining the cutting thickness.
    [0165] In one embodiment, the transport system, the turner and the conveyor cart are supported and rigidly attached to a chassis of the laminating machine, which comprises metal profiles, so that all the elements that make up the machine are united in a single entity, favoring its use and transport.
    [0167] In one embodiment, the conveyor carriage comprises wheels driven by belts configured to laterally move said conveyor carriage and with it, the rolling hammer when they are attached, with respect to the chassis of the rolling machine.
    [0169] The invention also comprises a method of cutting a stone block by means of a rolling hammer, preferably as described above, wherein said method comprises the following steps:
    [0170] - positioning the rolling hammer on a surface of the stone block, placing the blade in a perpendicular position on said surface;
    [0171] - applying a longitudinal impact of the rolling hammer by releasing the pressure of a linear actuator, which moves a stem, which impacts a chisel, where said chisel impacts a nose cone connected to a blade;
    [0172] - producing a shear stress of the blade on the surface of the stone block on which the hammer has been positioned;
    [0173] - generating a superficial incision on said surface of the stone block due to the shear stress produced;
    [0174] - insert the blade over the incision created in the surface of the stone block; - inject a fluid under pressure between 1 and 25 bar in the incision created; Y
    [0175] - cracking the stone block, cutting said block into two parts.
    [0177] Once the block has been cut into two parts, the process of the remaining block cutting method is repeated as many times as considered.
    [0179] The introduction of the blade into the incision generated by it, on the surface of the block, can occur when the incision itself is made or later, once the incision is made.
    [0181] These mentioned steps can have the order described above or a plurality of incisions can be made on a surface of the stone block and subsequently the injection of the fluid under pressure on said incisions.
    [0183] In an embodiment in which the stone block comprises exfoliation planes, in the step of positioning the laminating hammer on a surface of the stone block, placing the blade in a perpendicular position on said surface, the blade is located on an exfoliation line , which allows the incision to be generated in said plane and the crack in the block requires less effort, since stone materials with exfoliation planes have lower resistive characteristics in the direction of said plane.
    [0185] In one embodiment, the blade is inserted between 1 and 10 mm in the incision generated in the stone block, the thickness being sufficient and necessary for the injection of fluid under pressure.
    [0187] In one embodiment, the fluid to be injected by the rolling hammer onto the stone block is air, for its ease of use and cleanliness when cutting.
    [0188] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0190] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, it has been represented the next:
    [0192] Figure 1: shows an isometric perspective of the rolling hammer.
    [0194] Figure 2: shows a lateral profile of the rolling hammer cut by parallel planes, allowing the interior of said rolling hammer to be observed at different depths, by one of the springs and by the chisel.
    [0196] Figure 3: shows a front elevation of the rolling hammer, cut to a quarter, allowing to observe the internal and external parts of said rolling hammer.
    [0198] Figure 4: shows an exploded view of the rolling hammer that allows observing each of the parts of which it is comprised.
    [0200] Figure 5: shows a perspective of the rolling hammer without one of the side walls, allowing to observe the coupling of each of the internal parts of the hammer.
    [0202] Figure 6: shows an elevation of the blade, appreciating the longitudinal distribution of the teeth as well as the grooves.
    [0204] Figure 7: shows a perspective of the rolling hammer without one of the side walls, with the arrows that indicate the direction of the fluid at high pressure, inside the hammer, which passes through the fluid inlet holes, the grooves of the side wall and the bottom cover slot.
    [0206] Figure 8: shows a perspective of the conveyor carriage with the assembled rolling hammer.
    [0208] Figure 9: shows a perspective of the laminating machine with all the elements that compose it assembled.
    [0209] Figure 10: shows an elevation view in which the laminating machine is shown with its assembled components.
    [0211] Below is a list of the references used in the figures:
    [0212] (1) Rolling hammer
    [0213] (11) linear actuator
    [0214] (111) stem
    [0215] (12) impact flange
    [0216] (13) chisel
    [0217] (14) sufferer
    [0218] (141) lace
    [0219] (142) cavity
    [0220] (15) blade
    [0221] (151) oblong opening
    [0222] (152) Teeth
    [0223] (153) separation slits
    [0224] (16) side guide
    [0225] (17) housing
    [0226] (171) side walls
    [0227] (172) top cover
    [0228] (1721) center hole
    [0229] (1722) fluid inlet port
    [0230] (173) side zippers
    [0231] (174) bottom cover
    [0232] (175) lug
    [0233] (176) pressure fluid inlet port
    [0234] (177) rib
    [0235] (178) slot
    [0236] (1781) emptied
    [0237] (179) semi-axis
    [0238] (18) container holder
    [0239] (20) first means of attachment
    [0240] (21) second attachment means
    [0241] (22) third means of union
    [0242] (23) bolt
    [0243] (24) nut
    [0244] (25) compression spring
    [0245] (2) conveyor cart
    [0246] (201) side clamp
    [0247] (202) lowering cylinder
    [0248] (203) side clamp cylinder
    [0249] (3) chassis
    [0250] (4) transportation system
    [0251] (5) positioner
    [0252] (6) tumbler
    [0253] (7) traction system
    [0255] PREFERRED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0257] Next, each element that constitutes the rolling hammer (1), the rolling machine and the blade (15) is detailed, as well as indicating how it interacts with the rest of the elements.
    [0259] As can be seen in figure 1, the invention consists of a rolling hammer (1) configured to cut stone blocks, where said blocks comprise a layered structure. In this way, the hammer (1) is preferably configured for cutting blocks of slate material.
    [0261] In said figure 1 the main elements that are part of the rolling hammer (1) are shown. At the top, the hammer (1) comprises an impact linear actuator (11) consisting of a pneumatic cylinder located in a vertical position. Said linear actuator (11) comprises a cylindrical rod (111) inside it, so that the linear actuator (11) is configured to generate a rapid and punctual movement of said rod (111), in a vertical direction, moving it with a force thrust between 500 and 7000 kiloponds.
    [0263] The linear actuator (11) is connected to a housing (17) by means of an impact flange (12), said flange (12) being a hollow metal part, with a circular section, connected to the linear actuator (11) by means of second means of union (21), consisting of in some screws screwed to a nut each one of them, and to a container support (18), of the casing (17), by means of third joining means (22), also composed of screws screwed to a nut each of they.
    [0265] As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the impact flange (12) has a cylindrical recess where the stem (111) slides, so that in each impact generated by the linear actuator (11), the stem (111 ) slides through said recess, the stem (111) comprising a section smaller than the recess of the flange (12).
    [0267] Also, as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, when the stem (111) moves inside the impact flange (12), it impacts concentrically against a cylindrical chisel (13), said chisel (13) located in the interior of the casing (17), between the container support (18) and a central hole (1721), said central hole (1721) located in an upper cover (172) of the casing (17). In this way, when the chisel (13) receives a blow or impact from the stem (111), the chisel (13) moves vertically, downwards, inside the container support (18) and the central hole (1721) until impacting on a nose (14) located inside the casing (17) of the rolling hammer (11).
    [0269] Said nosepiece (14) consists of a rectangular prismatic bar positioned horizontally, so that the chisel (13) is configured to impact at a midpoint of said nosepiece (14), that is, both the central hole (1721) and the nose piece (14) are located in the center of the casing (17).
    [0271] As can be seen in Figure 2, the dolly (14) may comprise a cavity (142) centered on a lower surface where a blade (15) is connected, by means of a fit. This cavity allows a more secure union between the nose piece (14) and the blade (15).
    [0273] This blade (15) has a rectangular flat shape, it is positioned with its shorter sides vertically, so that one of the longest sides is inserted into the cavity (142) of the dolly (14) and the other side is more long comprises the double edge.
    [0274] As can be seen in Figures 3 to 5, the blade (15) is located between two lateral guides (16), both being the same, prismatic, rectangular and of the same length as the dolly (14), comprising both lateral guides (16) a clearance with respect to the blade (15).
    [0276] Both the nosepiece (14), the blade (15) and the side guides (16) are located inside the casing (17). This casing (17) is composed of the upper cover (172), two side walls (171), two side closures (173) and a lower cover (174), all of these parts being flat and rectangular, hermetically joined, forming the casing. (17), of rectangular prismatic shape, with an internal recess, also prismatic and rectangular, which allows the arrangement of the dolly (14), the blade (15) and the lateral guides (16).
    [0278] The upper cover (172) is located horizontally, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stem (111), so that the central hole (1721) through the center of said upper cover (172) is located concentric to the hole of the container support (18), which is also part of the casing (17), and the cylindrical recess of the impact flange (12). Furthermore, the upper cover (172) also comprises two pressure fluid inlet intakes (176) located, each one of them in fluid inlet ports (1722) and connected to a solenoid valve, said ports (1772) being at the sides of the center hole (1721).
    [0280] As can be seen in the exploded view of figure 4, the two side walls (171) are located parallel to the blade (15), attached perpendicularly to the upper cover (172) and rigidly connected to each of said side walls (171) , by means of first joining means (20), to a lateral guide (16) and where each of these lateral walls (171) comprise two grooves (177) located in an interior space of the casing (17) and where the first connecting means (20) consist of threaded screws.
    [0282] The two side closures (173) are located, parallel to each other, and attached perpendicularly to the top cover (172) and to the side walls (171). The union of these side closures (173) with the upper cover (172) is made by a tongue and groove system.
    [0283] The lower cover (174) is located parallel to the upper cover (172), attached perpendicularly to the side closures (173) and to the side walls (171), so that said lower cover (174) comprises the slot (178 ) which is the same length as the blade (15). In this way, the blade (15) being inside the casing (17), is configured to move from top to bottom through said slot (178) when the nosepiece (14) receives the impact of the chisel (13), partially extracting of the casing (17) the part of the edge of said blade (15).
    [0285] In other words, the stem (111) of the linear actuator (11) slides inside the impact flange (12) and generates an impact on the chisel (13) located in the casing (17). This chisel (13) impacts on the nose piece (14) that is connected, along the length, with the blade (15), which, due to the movement of the nose piece (14) generated by the impact received, slides through the slot ( 178) of the lower cover (174) of the casing (17) and impacts perpendicularly against a surface of a slate block, said surface being perpendicular to the exfoliation layers of the slate, generating an incision on said surface.
    [0287] For the correct operation of the rolling hammer (1), the casing (17) comprises two compression springs (25) between the nose piece (14) and the upper cover (172), as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, which they exert a push tension between both elements. Said springs (25) are located concentrically, each one of them, to the fluid inlet holes (1722) and to some recesses (141) of the nose pad (14), and are configured to keep the blade (15 ) of the casing (17), which allows the edge of said blade (15) to be easily positioned with respect to the exfoliation layers of the slate block with greater ease and precision.
    [0289] In this way, when it is desired to make an incision on a surface of a slate block or other stone with layers of weakness, the rolling hammer (1) is placed on said surface and the blade (15) is lightly pressed on the block of slate, so that the blade (15) retracts and lodges almost completely inside the casing (17), then contacting a grooved rubber gasket, arranged on the outside of the lower cover (174) of the hammer (1), with the stone block. It is then when the impact is generated by the linear actuator (11) moving the blade (15), generating the incision in the stone block. In other words, if the blade (15) is not pressed, its rest position is with the cutting edge on the outside of the casing (17), making the spring (25) that the blade (15) is retractable with respect to the casing (17).
    [0291] Once an incision of between 1 and 10 mm has been created in the slate block, the edge of the blade (15) is left inserted in said incision, thanks to the fact that the springs (25) exert a tension between the blade ( 15) and the casing (17), and compressed air is injected through the electrovalves at a pressure of between 0.5 and 25 bar, depending on the type of stone, the injection pressure is varied inside the casing ( 17) through the pressure fluid inlets (176). Said pressurized air passes through the grooves (177) of the side walls (171) and is released through the groove (178) through recesses (1781) distributed longitudinally and equidistant between them along the axis of symmetry of said groove (178) , causing the crack and breaking the block into two parts.
    [0293] These recesses (1781) are circular holes that have a diameter greater than a thickness of the groove (178) that pass through and comprise the same vertical direction of emptying as the groove (178).
    [0295] In order for the blade (15) to be retractable and to move vertically with respect to the casing (17) enough to make the incision on the stone block but remaining assembled to it, the blade (15) comprises two parallel oblong openings (151) on its surface. These oblong openings (151) allow the blade (15) to be attached to the casing (17) by means of two bolts (23) threaded to a nut (24), each one of them. These bolts (23) go through the entire casing (17) being their only means of union with the blade (15), by joining the side guides (16), the side walls (171) to the blade (15), allowing their longitudinal displacement only the length of the openings.
    [0297] As the bolts (23) with the nuts (24) are the only means of joining the casing (17) to the blade (15), in case the blade (15) needs to be replaced, it is only necessary to remove the bolts (23) from the nuts (24), extract the blade (15) through the slot (178) of the casing (17) and insert a new blade (15) through the slot (178), fixing it with the union of the bolts (23) to nuts (24) on casing (17).
    [0298] To generate a correct incision of the blade (15) on the slate block and for the injection of pressurized air through the recesses (1781) of the slot (178) on the surface of the slate block, the blade (15) is 4 mm thick, made of F-143 steel and comprises a series of teeth (152) on its edge, spaced apart by separating slits (153).
    [0300] These teeth (152) are rectangular, are 15 mm long, have a 0.5 mm edge and are distributed longitudinally and equidistant between them, so that the separating slots (153) are located coincident with the recesses. (1781) of the groove (178), facilitating the exit of air during the injection on the stone block.
    [0302] The laminating hammer (1) is part of a laminating machine like the one shown in Figures 8 and 9 that comprises a transport system (4) that moves the slate block in a horizontal position inside the laminating machine by means of rollers and they position it by means of a positioner (5) in a correct orientation depending on its size and exfoliation layers, with respect to a tumbler (6).
    [0304] Once the slate block is well positioned, it is rotated 90 degrees vertically by means of the turner (6) which comprises a lifting table configured to orient a regrouper, which includes clamps, with respect to said block, and a traction system (7) configured to rotate said jaws with the block trapped.
    [0306] Once the block is in a vertical position, with the exfoliation layers also vertical and parallel to the blade (15) of the rolling hammer (1), a conveyor car (2) moves and positions said rolling hammer (1) with respect to of the slate block, placing the blade (15) in the layer through which the incision is to be made and subsequently the fissure.
    [0308] To connect the rolling hammer (1) to the conveyor carriage (2), the casing (17) comprises two semi-shafts (179) arranged at the sides of the casing (17), in the center of the side walls (171), and two lugs (175) connected to the upper cover (172), on each outer side of the casing (17), which allow to fix the hammer rolling mill (1) to the conveyor carriage (2) and make a suitable positioning for cutting the block.
    [0310] The lugs (175) are connected to linear actuators, so that when the rolling hammer is pivoted on the semi-shafts (179), it is possible to adapt the hammer to the defects of the block sawing, since usually, the block does not have all their faces parallel to each other, but has imperfections.
    [0312] All these movements are controlled by position sensors that calculate the size and position of the block as well as the layers that compose it.
    [0314] In order for the crack to be made regularly, correctly and repeatedly, cutting the same block a limited number of times, the conveyor carriage (2) comprises two lateral clamps (201) configured to press and seal the slate block laterally, actuated by a lateral pressure cylinder (203) each. In this way, when the pressurized fluid is injected, it does not escape through the sides of the stone block. Furthermore, the lateral clamp (201) comprises flow divider valves configured to re-center the stone block and seal it upon receiving an impact by the rolling hammer (1).
    [0316] To move the rolling hammer (1) vertically, the conveyor carriage (2) comprises a pneumatic lowering cylinder (202) and a sensor that measures its size as well as its location with respect to the slate block.
    [0318] Both the transport system (4), the turner (6) and the conveyor car (2) are supported and rigidly attached to a chassis (3) of the laminating machine, which is made up of metal profiles, comprising a single entity, This allows the laminating machine to be handled as if it were a single element and not several separate parts or sections.
    权利要求:
    Claims (32)
    [1]
    1. Rolling hammer (1) for cutting multi-component stone blocks by injecting compressed fluid, characterized in that it comprises:
    - an impact linear actuator (11) comprising a stem (111), wherein said stem (111) is configured to move in a longitudinal direction of said linear actuator (11) and to impact on a chisel (13); - the chisel (13) oriented in the longitudinal direction of the stem (111), configured to receive an impact from the stem (111) and to transmit said impact to a nosepiece (14);
    - the nose piece (14) having a bar shape, which is oriented perpendicular to the chisel (13) and is connected longitudinally to a flat blade (15) by a lower surface of said nose (14) and by an upper edge of said blade (15);
    - two lateral guides (16) in the form of a bar located on each longitudinal side of the blade (15), comprising a gap between each lateral guide (16) and said blade (15); Y
    - the flat blade (15), comprising an edge on a lower edge, said blade (15) oriented in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the stem (111);
    where the nose piece (14) is configured to transfer the impact of the chisel (13) to the blade (15), and to move in the same direction as the longitudinal displacement of the stem (111), and where the blade (15) is configured to slide with respect to the side guides (16).
    [2]
    2. Rolling hammer (1), according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a casing (17) that includes inside the nose pad (14), the blade (15) and the lateral guides (16), where the casing ( 17) has a rectangular prismatic shape, is oriented in the same direction as the dolly (14), where the casing (17) is connected to the linear actuator (11) and because it comprises at least one pressure fluid inlet ( 176) and a longitudinal slot (178) for the outlet of the blade (15) and fluid under pressure.
    [3]
    Rolling hammer (1), according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the casing (17) comprises:
    - A flat, rectangular upper cover (172), perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stem (111), comprising a central hole (1721) through the center of said upper cover (172) and the one or more inlet intakes of pressurized fluid (176) located in a fluid inlet port (1722);
    - Two side walls (171), parallel to the blade (15), joined each side wall (171) perpendicular to the upper cover (172) and rigidly connected, each of said side walls (171), by means of first joining means (20), to a lateral guide (16), where each of these lateral walls (171) comprises at least one groove (177) through an interior space of the casing (17);
    - two side closures (173), parallel and attached perpendicular to the upper cover (172) and to the side walls (171);
    - a lower cover (174) parallel to the upper cover (172), attached perpendicularly to the side closures (173) and to the side walls (171), where said lower cover (174) comprises the slot (178) that has the same length than blade (15);
    where the joints between the upper cover (172), the side walls (171), the side closures (173), and the lower cover (174) are hermetic; where the chisel (13) is configured to slide longitudinally through the central hole (1721); where the blade (15) is configured to slide through the slot (178); wherein the at least one pressure fluid inlet port (176) is configured to introduce fluid at a pressure comprised between 0.5 and 25 bar into the housing (17); where the grooves (177) are configured to conduct said fluid inside the casing (17); and because the groove (178) comprises recesses (1781) configured to channel and release the fluid under pressure that is introduced into the housing (17) at a pressure between 0.5 and 25 bar.
    [4]
    Rolling hammer (1), according to claim 3, characterized in that the nosepiece (14), the side guides (16) and an internal recess of the casing (17) comprising said nosepiece (14) and the side guides ( 16), have a rectangular prismatic shape; because the lateral guides (16) are rigidly and parallel to the lower cover (174); that the dolly (14) is located between the upper cover (172) and the side guides (16); and that the internal recess of the casing (17) comprises a transverse clearance with the nose piece (14), said nose piece (14) being configured to move longitudinally through the interior of the casing (17).
    [5]
    Rolling hammer, according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one compression spring (25) located between said nose pad (14) and the upper cover (172) of the casing (17), and is configured to exerting a separation tension between said dolly (14) and the upper cover (172).
    [6]
    Rolling hammer, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one compression spring (25) is coupled to the fluid inlet port (1722) of the upper cover (172).
    [7]
    Rolling hammer (1), according to any of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the casing (17) comprises:
    - two semi-shafts (179) arranged symmetrically with respect to the casing (17), connected by a center of the side walls (171), each semi-axis (179) being on an outer side of the casing (17); Y
    - at least two lugs (175) connected to the upper cover (172) by an outer side of the casing (17);
    where said semi-shafts (179) and lugs (175) are configured to connect to a conveyor carriage (2) configured to move the rolling hammer (1) longitudinally and transversely.
    [8]
    Rolling hammer (1), according to any of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the casing (17) is rigidly connected to the linear actuator (11) by means of an impact flange (12), wherein said impact flange (12 ) consists of a hollow metal frame with a circular internal section, said section configured so that the stem (111) slides inside said impact flange (12) and impacts concentrically with the chisel (13); because the impact flange (12) is connected to the linear actuator (11) by means of second connection means (21) and that it is connected to the casing (17) by means of third connection means (22).
    [9]
    Rolling hammer (1), according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the casing (17) comprises a container support (18) located outside the upper cover (172), connected to the impact flange (12) by the third means of union (22); and because the chisel (13) has a cylindrical shape and is located through the inside of the central hole (1721) of the upper cover (172) and an internal recess of the container support (18).
    [10]
    Rolling hammer, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear actuator (11) is pneumatic and is configured to store air in a higher preload and to discharge the air stored at a determined pressure in a lower chamber instantly , moving the stem (111) with a thrust force comprised between 0.5 and 7 tons of thrust, preferably between 4 and 5 tons.
    [11]
    Rolling hammer according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the pressure fluid inlet (176) has a diameter between 0.5 and 2 inches, and is connected to a solenoid valve.
    [12]
    12. Rolling hammer, according to any of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the dolly (14) is made of tempered stamping steel and the chisel (13) is made of steel.
    [13]
    Rolling hammer, according to claims 3 and 8, characterized in that the first joining means (20) comprise at least one screw threaded to a hole in the lateral guide (16), and the second (21) and third ( 22) connecting means comprise at least one screw and one nut each.
    [14]
    Rolling hammer, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear actuator (11) is oriented vertically and the cutting edge of the blade (15) is oriented horizontally.
    [15]
    Rolling hammer, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade (15) is embedded in a longitudinal cavity (142) of the dolly (14).
    [16]
    Rolling hammer, according to any of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that it comprises two bolts (23) threaded to nuts (24) configured to connect the blade (15) to the casing (17), where said bolts (23) ) frontally traverse the side walls (171), the side guides (16) and said blade (15).
    [17]
    Rolling hammer according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the recesses (1781) are circular holes distributed longitudinally and equidistant between them by an axis of symmetry of the slot (178); wherein said recesses (1781) have a diameter greater than a thickness of the slot (178) that they pass through; and where said recesses (1781) comprise the same emptying direction as the slot (178).
    [18]
    18. Flat blade (15) for rolling hammers as described in claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it has a rectangular flat shape and comprises:
    - at least two oblong openings (151) through, oriented in a transverse direction to the blade (15), configured to be traversed by a body of a bolt (23) each of them;
    - a cutting edge on a lower edge comprising rectangular teeth (152) distributed longitudinally and equidistant between them, comprising separating slits (153) located between each tooth (152).
    [19]
    Flat blade (15) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the separating slits (153) have an orientation perpendicular to the edge of the blade (15) and comprise two different extensions; where said slits (153) are arranged alternately along the edge of the blade (15) as a function of the extent that they comprise.
    [20]
    20. Flat blade (15) according to claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the edge of the blade (15) is selected from the group comprising: flat, concave and convex, and from the group comprising; single and double.
    [21]
    21. Flat blade (15) according to any of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the edge of the teeth has a thickness between 0.2 and 0.8 mm and the blade (15) has a thickness between 2 and 4 mm.
    [22]
    22. Flat blade (15) according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the teeth comprise a length between 10 and 20 mm.
    [23]
    23. Flat blade (15) according to any of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that it is made of F-143 steel.
    [24]
    24. Rolling machine comprising the rolling hammer (1) described in any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises:
    - a transport system (4) configured to move, dragging or sliding, a stone block through an interior of the rolling machine;
    - a positioner (5), configured to position the stone block transported by the transport system (4), with respect to a tumbler (6);
    - the turner (6) comprising a lifting table configured to orient a regrouper with respect to the stone block, the regrouper consisting of jaws configured to clamp said block, and a traction system (7) configured to rotate the regrouper; and - a conveyor carriage (2) configured to move and position the rolling hammer (1) with respect to the stone block, rotated by the tumbler (6); wherein said transport system (4) comprises a sensor configured to measure the size of the stone block.
    [25]
    25. Laminating machine, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the conveyor carriage (2) comprises:
    - a lateral clamp (201) configured to laterally clamp and seal the stone block, actuated by at least one lateral clamp cylinder (203);
    - at least one lowering cylinder (202) configured to longitudinally move the rolling hammer (1) on a surface of the block; Y
    - a sensor configured to measure the thickness of the stone block;
    where the conveyor car is configured to move and laterally position the rolling hammer (1) with respect to the block of material.
    [26]
    26. Laminating machine, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lateral clamping (201) comprises flow divider valves configured to re-center the stone block and seal it when it receives an impact from the rolling hammer (1).
    [27]
    27. Laminating machine, according to any of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the transport system (4), the turner (6) and the conveyor carriage (2) are supported and rigidly attached to a chassis (3) of the laminating machine, comprising metal profiles.
    [28]
    28. Rolling machine, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the conveyor carriage (2) comprises wheels driven by belts configured to move the said conveyor carriage (2) and the rolling hammer (1) laterally with respect to the chassis (3) .
    [29]
    29. Rolling machine, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transport system (4) of the stone block comprises rollers or translation chains.
    [30]
    30. Method for cutting multicomponent stone blocks by means of a rolling hammer (1) described in any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
    to. positioning the rolling hammer (1) on a surface of the stone block, placing the blade (15) in a perpendicular position on said surface;
    b. apply a longitudinal impact of the rolling hammer (1) by releasing the pressure of a linear actuator (11) that moves a stem (111) that impacts a chisel (13), where said chisel (13) impacts a nose (14) connected to the blade (15);
    c. producing a shear stress of the blade (15) on the surface of the stone block on which the hammer (1) has been positioned;
    d. generating a superficial incision on said surface of the stone block due to the shear stress produced;
    and. inserting the blade (15) over the incision created in the stone block surface;
    F. inject a fluid under pressure between 0.5 and 25 bar in the incision created; Y
    g. crack the stone block, cutting said block into two parts.
    [31]
    31. Method of cutting a stone block according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the blade (15) is inserted between 1 and 10 mm in the incision generated in the stone block.
    [32]
    32. Method of cutting a stone block according to any of claims 29 or 30, characterized in that the fluid injected under pressure is air.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2800924B2|2021-05-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES8304471A1|1982-05-26|1983-03-16|Bugeat Jean|Splitting of slate on cleavage planes - entails raising pressure on side of block relative to that on normal faces and applying knife to this side|
    ES2028598A6|1991-02-04|1992-07-01|Fernandez Sanchez Joaquin|Machine for cleaving slate pieces.|
    ES2316198A1|2003-05-23|2009-04-01|Sovemine Ingenierie|Cinema screen masking device, has control unit controlling stiffener position in plane parallel to screen plane and in direction perpendicular to cloth unrolling direction, to adjust masking surface of left, right and bottom masks|
    ES2366842A1|2010-04-08|2011-10-26|BABIERI & TAROZZI IBÉRICA S.L.|Machine for cleaving slate|
    ES1166784U|2016-07-09|2016-10-06|Jose Carlos FERNANDEZ CARRERA|Multi-component stone removal machine |
    法律状态:
    2021-01-05| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2800924 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20210105 |
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